{ "id": 14340, "date": "2021-04-06T14:19:10", "date_gmt": "2021-04-06T14:19:10", "guid": { "rendered": "https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/?p=14340" }, "modified": "2021-04-06T14:41:19", "modified_gmt": "2021-04-06T14:41:19", "slug": "utilisation-elevee-dantibiotiques-dans-les-hopitaux-des-pays-a-revenu-faible-ou-intermediaire", "status": "publish", "type": "post", "link": "http:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/fr\/high-use-of-watch-antibiotics-in-hospitals-in-lower-and-upper-middle-income-countries\/", "title": { "rendered": "Forte utilisation des antibiotiques Watch dans les h\u00f4pitaux des pays \u00e0 revenu moyen inf\u00e9rieur et sup\u00e9rieur" }, "content": { "rendered": "
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Forte utilisation des antibiotiques Watch dans les h\u00f4pitaux des pays \u00e0 revenu moyen inf\u00e9rieur et sup\u00e9rieur<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\"\"Le 5 avril 2021, l'\u00e9quipe Global-PPS a publi\u00e9 une papier<\/a> dans le Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy qui se concentre sur les sch\u00e9mas de prescription d'antibiotiques en milieu hospitalier chez les patients adultes selon la classification OMS Acc\u00e8s, Surveillance et R\u00e9serve (AWaRe<\/a>Cette classification a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9labor\u00e9e pour aider les pays et les h\u00f4pitaux \u00e0 promouvoir l'utilisation rationnelle des antibiotiques tout en am\u00e9liorant l'acc\u00e8s \u00e0 ces m\u00e9dicaments essentiels.<\/p>

La r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens constitue une menace concr\u00e8te : la consommation mondiale d\u2019antibiotiques dans le secteur de la sant\u00e9 a augment\u00e9 de 651 % entre 2000 et 2015. L\u2019optimisation de l\u2019utilisation des antimicrobiens en milieu hospitalier et communautaire gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la gestion des antimicrobiens (AMS) est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 de la riposte mondiale \u00e0 la RAM. Dans le m\u00eame temps, de nombreux pays \u00e0 revenu faible ou interm\u00e9diaire (PRFI) sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des d\u00e9fis tels que la mauvaise qualit\u00e9 des antibiotiques, la vente libre peu r\u00e9glement\u00e9e et l'acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 aux antibiotiques essentiels. L'OMS a class\u00e9 un total de 180 antibiotiques disponibles dans le monde en trois groupes : Acc\u00e8s, Surveillance et R\u00e9serve (AWaRe).<\/p>

Les antibiotiques du groupe \"Acc\u00e8s\" sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme des agents de premi\u00e8re ou de deuxi\u00e8me intention dans le traitement d'un certain nombre de syndromes infectieux courants et devraient donc \u00eatre largement disponibles et abordables. Le groupe \"Surveillance\" comprend des antibiotiques qui pr\u00e9sentent un risque plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de s\u00e9lectionner la r\u00e9sistance et qui sont utilis\u00e9s comme options de premi\u00e8re ou de deuxi\u00e8me intention pour un nombre limit\u00e9 d'indications seulement. Ce sont les antibiotiques qui doivent \u00eatre surveill\u00e9s et prioris\u00e9s comme cibles des programmes de gestion. Enfin, le groupe \"R\u00e9serve\" contient un ensemble d'antibiotiques de dernier recours qui doivent \u00eatre intensivement surveill\u00e9s et ne devraient \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s que dans certaines conditions sp\u00e9cifiques afin de pr\u00e9server leur efficacit\u00e9.<\/p>

\"\"L'enqu\u00eate mondiale sur la pr\u00e9valence ponctuelle de la consommation et de la r\u00e9sistance aux antimicrobiens (Global-PPS<\/a>) collecte des donn\u00e9es sur l'utilisation des antibiotiques \u00e0 l'h\u00f4pital selon une m\u00e9thodologie PPS standardis\u00e9e. Les donn\u00e9es Global-PPS 2015, 2017 et 2018, collect\u00e9es par 664 h\u00f4pitaux dans 69 pays, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 class\u00e9es en groupes AWaRe pour calculer l'utilisation proportionnelle AWaRe, les ratios Acc\u00e8s-\u00e0-Surveiller et les indications les plus courantes de traitement par des antibiotiques s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s du groupe Surveiller. Seules les prescriptions d'antibiotiques syst\u00e9miques dans les services de patients adultes hospitalis\u00e9s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 analys\u00e9es.<\/p>

L'utilisation des m\u00e9dicaments de la cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab Acc\u00e8s r\u00e9gional \u00bb variait de 28,41 TP3T en Asie occidentale et centrale \u00e0 57,71 TP3T en Oc\u00e9anie, tandis que l'utilisation des m\u00e9dicaments de la cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab Surveillance \u00bb \u00e9tait la plus faible en Oc\u00e9anie (41,31 TP3T) et la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e en Asie occidentale et centrale (66,11 TP3T). L'utilisation des antibiotiques de r\u00e9serve variait de 0,031 TP3T en Afrique subsaharienne \u00e0 4,71 TP3T en Am\u00e9rique latine. Il existait d'importantes diff\u00e9rences dans la prescription des antibiotiques AWaRe au niveau national. Les antibiotiques de la cat\u00e9gorie \u00ab Watch \u00bb \u00e9taient prescrits pour des indications tr\u00e8s vari\u00e9es \u00e0 travers le monde, tant \u00e0 des fins th\u00e9rapeutiques que prophylactiques.<\/p>

L'\u00e9quipe Global-PPS a observ\u00e9 une utilisation \u00e9lev\u00e9e d'antibiotiques de la cat\u00e9gorie \"Vigilance\" (Watch), en particulier dans les pays \u00e0 revenu faible et interm\u00e9diaire, suivie par les pays \u00e0 revenu \u00e9lev\u00e9. La classification AWaRe de l'OMS a un r\u00f4le d\u00e9terminant \u00e0 jouer dans les activit\u00e9s de gestion locales et nationales pour \u00e9valuer les sch\u00e9mas de prescription et pour informer et \u00e9valuer les activit\u00e9s de gestion.<\/p>

Lisez l'article<\/a><\/strong><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>", "protected": false }, "excerpt": { "rendered": "

Le 5 avril 2021, l'\u00e9quipe Global-PPS a publi\u00e9 un article dans le Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy qui se concentre sur les sch\u00e9mas de prescription d'antibiotiques dans les h\u00f4pitaux pour les patients adultes selon la classification AWaRe (Access, Watch and Reserve) de l'OMS. <\/p>", "protected": false }, "author": 7, "featured_media": 14343, "comment_status": "closed", "ping_status": "closed", "sticky": false, "template": "", "format": "standard", "meta": { "ocean_post_layout": "full-screen", "ocean_both_sidebars_style": "", "ocean_both_sidebars_content_width": 0, "ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width": 0, "ocean_sidebar": "0", "ocean_second_sidebar": "0", "ocean_disable_margins": "enable", "ocean_add_body_class": "", "ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar": "", "ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar": "", "ocean_shortcode_before_header": "", "ocean_shortcode_after_header": "", "ocean_has_shortcode": "", "ocean_shortcode_after_title": "", "ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets": 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