{"id":13349,"date":"2021-02-05T15:32:07","date_gmt":"2021-02-05T15:32:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hosting.uantwerpen.be\/globalpps4\/?page_id=13349"},"modified":"2026-04-15T08:41:06","modified_gmt":"2026-04-15T08:41:06","slug":"%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%85%d9%88%d9%86-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9%d9%88%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/ar\/peer-reviewed-articles\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"13349\" class=\"elementor elementor-13349\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-50a12fa1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"50a12fa1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6ceba0\" data-id=\"5a6ceba0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-547a27b1 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"547a27b1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_text_clip&quot;:&quot;none&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b9a2401 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b9a2401\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1731d4d9\" data-id=\"1731d4d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1077e250 ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"1077e250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2761\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2761\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2026<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2761\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2761\"><p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u06a4\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2026) <em>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/8\/2\/dlag042\/8586258\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a: \u0631\u0624\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a (\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2026) <em>\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/epidemiology-and-infection\/article\/antimicrobial-prescribing-patterns-at-a-south-african-tertiary-referral-hospital-insights-from-three-global-point-prevalence-surveys\/1DE57C3517A6777AE34B40B28EC70D75\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0627\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2026) <em>\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/antimicrobial-stewardship-and-healthcare-epidemiology\/article\/antimicrobial-use-and-stewardship-opportunities-in-burkina-faso-findings-from-the-first-global-point-prevalence-survey-in-eight-hospitals\/B56C368BBE74164563205EFDD102A970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><h1 class=\"wi-article-title article-title-main accessible-content-title at-articleTitle\">\u00a0<\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2762\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2762\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2025<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2762\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2762\"><p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 Global-PPS: \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 (Boven et al, 2025). <em>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/7\/4\/dlaf115\/8185626\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 (Leus et al, 2025).\u00a0<em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0637\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/evj.14535\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><li>\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 Global-PPS (Pauwels et al, 2025). <em>\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0645 \u0633\u064a <\/em><em>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s13756-025-01541-6\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025) <em>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/7\/3\/dlaf085\/8138187\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025) <em>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/14\/6\/618\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a (\u0634rama \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025). <em>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590088924000933\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 AWaRe: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025) <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2213716525002127?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><li>\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a AWaRe (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025) <em>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/pediatrics\/articles\/10.3389\/fped.2024.1469766\/full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2024: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 Global-PPS (\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2025). <em>\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/icjournal.org\/search.php?where=aview&amp;id=10.3947\/ic.2024.0144&amp;code=0086IC&amp;vmode=FULL\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2763\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2763\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2024<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2763\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2763\"><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Nwafia et al, 2024), <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/njcp\/fulltext\/2024\/06000\/point_prevalence_survey_of_antimicrobial.3.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 (\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2024)<em> \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/6\/5\/dlae175\/7852356\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627: \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a (Igizeneza et al, 2024).\u00a0<em>\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/13\/11\/1032\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0644 - \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Akintan et al, 2024). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0645 \u0633\u064a \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-024-04847-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2024). <em>\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 BMC \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09333-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021 (\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2024). <em>BMC \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10159-9#:~:text=as%20the%20numerator.-,Results,most%20frequently%20prescribed%20antibiotic%20classes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><li>\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0646\u062f\u062c\u060c \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 (\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2024). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2213716524000183?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2764\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2764\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2023<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2764\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2764\"><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 (Amponsah et al., 2023). <em>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.\u00a0<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/eur01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com\/?url=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fjacamr%2Farticle%2F5%2F4%2Fdlad084%2F7225110&amp;data=05%7C02%7CLeandra.Reijsmeijer%40uantwerpen.be%7Ca5d600d0f1e84165617008dcf73bf0a9%7C792e08fb2d544a8eaf72202548136ef6%7C0%7C0%7C638657084015922609%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&amp;sdata=ccXSRRR0gbcOU4VoLbA73Kel4xEKgS109YSjYh%2BRfMQ%3D&amp;reserved=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 AWaRe \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 2018-2021 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2023). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2023.46.80.33027\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0648\u060c \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 (\u0645\u062b\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2023). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13756-023-01306-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p>\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a (Okedo-Alex et al, 2023). <i>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2023.45.67.36191\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2023). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649.<\/span><\/i> <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/17571774231152719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2023). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antibiotics12111609\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a 18 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0646\u0634\u064a (\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2023). <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.04.010\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0627\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2765\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2765\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2022<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2765\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2765\"><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 (\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2022) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1660-4601\/19\/1\/254\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 (\u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2022)\u060c Front. Trop. Dis. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fitd.2022.843509\/full?utm_source=F-NTF&amp;utm_medium=EMLX&amp;utm_campaign=PRD_FEOPS_20170000_ARTICLE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2022). \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/36671271\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.\u00a0<\/li><li>\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0631 (Thandar Oo \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. 2022). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S259008892100086X?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646 (\u0625\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2022) Can. J. Dis. Med. Microbial. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35368518\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f-19 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2021: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 Global-PPS \u060c \u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 (Avdeev et al. 2022) \u060c \u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2414-6366\/7\/5\/75\/htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2766\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2766\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2021<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2766\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2766\"><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a (\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/2\/199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a (PPS) \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a (Nwajiobi et al. 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ajcem\/article\/view\/205650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0644\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 (\u0623\u0648\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ajcem\/article\/view\/205638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a 2015-2018 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (Umeokonkwo et al. 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ajcem\/article\/view\/205636\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u063a\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 (G-PPS) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 (D\u2019Arcy et al. 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/9\/1122\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627: \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0646\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2079-6382\/10\/12\/1528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/njm\/article\/view\/206608\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u063a\u0627 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ajol.info\/index.php\/ajcem\/article\/view\/205640\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627 (\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021). JAC - \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/3\/3\/dlab087\/6319638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (Global-PPS) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2018 \u0641\u064a 47 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639\u064a (\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062c \u062c. \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2021). CMAJ open. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34933882\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 ( Haseeb et al. 2021). Int J Environ Res Public Health. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/35010512\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f (Panditrao et al. 2021). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/76\/4\/1094\/6084576?login=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u064a\u061b \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 PPS \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Vineela Chadalavada \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2021). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/348434640_A_Point_Prevalence_Survey_of_Antimicrobial_Prescribing_in_a_South_Indian_Tertiary_Hospital_Using_Global_PPS_Tool\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a (\u0628\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2021). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2213716521001405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646: \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 (\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. 2021). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34293148\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 2019 (COVID-19) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629 (Tat Ming Ng \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2021). \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649. <a href=\"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/track\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-021-00898-8.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 2019 (COVID-19) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647 (\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/33307276\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2021). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Global-Point-Prevalence-Survey-in-Five-Teaching-Hospitals-in-Baghdad-Iraq.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 (Global-PPS) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (Pauwels et al. 2021). \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649. <a href=\"https:\/\/aricjournal.biomedcentral.com\/track\/pdf\/10.1186\/s13756-021-01010-w.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (AWaRe): \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a 69 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Pauwels et al. 2021). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jac\/article\/76\/6\/1614\/6210595?login=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627-\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (Gastine et al. 2021). \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c. <a href=\"https:\/\/ascpt.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/cpt.2180\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2767\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2767\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2020<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2767\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2767\"><p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0629 (Rachina et al. 2020). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32722484\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c Global-PPS \u0648 ECCDC-PPS \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u0629 (Vandael et al. 2020). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31956402\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0623. \u0641\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. 2020). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Global-PPS-of-Antimicrobial-Prescribing-in-a-Nigerian-Findings-and-Implications-on-AMR.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627: \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Afriyie et al. 2020). JAC-\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/jacamr\/article\/2\/1\/dlaa001\/5740119?login=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629- \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062d\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628-\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (\u0623\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2020). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.journalijtdh.com\/index.php\/IJTDH\/article\/view\/30352\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Nnadozie \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2020). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590088920300421\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646: \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 (\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2020). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0644). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32933115\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2020). \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"http:\/\/apps.webofknowledge.com\/InboundService.do?customersID=ResearchSoft&amp;mode=FullRecord&amp;IsProductCode=Yes&amp;product=WOS&amp;Init=Yes&amp;Func=Frame&amp;DestFail=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webofknowledge.com&amp;action=retrieve&amp;SrcApp=EndNote&amp;SrcAuth=ResearchSoft&amp;SID=F1WIa3w6UVoz4KVPqq3&amp;UT=WOS%3A000612135100237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0644 (\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2020). \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/14787210.2021.1834852\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2017 (Frenette et al. 2020). Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32653046\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2020). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0195670119304542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2020). \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cambridge.org\/core\/journals\/infection-control-and-hospital-epidemiology\/article\/point-prevalence-surveys-and-customized-interventions-are-good-strategies-to-improve-antimicrobial-use-the-brazilian-experience\/019DD10A73BB4A854A79ADABA3E5677E\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2020). \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/14787210.2020.1767593\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (FDA) \u0648\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (EMA) \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 (\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u064a) \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u062c (\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2020). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/32773667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2768\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2768\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2019<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2768\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2768\"><p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 (PPS) \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0627 (Korinteli et al. 2019). Georgian Med News. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31560667\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627: \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2019). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2213716519300207?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2019). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/31678430\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0643\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2019). \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/14787210.2019.1581063?journalCode=ierz20&amp;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li>\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 26 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2019). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30270148\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627.<\/a><\/li><li>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f \u2013 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 (\u0633\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2019). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0195670119302294?via%3Dihub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 AWaRE \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 56 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 (Hsia et al. 2019). The Lancet Global Health. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thelancet.com\/journals\/langlo\/article\/PIIS2214-109X(19)30071-3\/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 (\u062c\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c 2019). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644. <a href=\"https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/pidj\/Fulltext\/2019\/11000\/Global_Divergence_From_World_Health_Organization.12.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2769\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2769\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2018<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2769\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"9\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2769\"><p><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 PPS \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a ESAC-PPS (\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a 2009\u060c 2011) \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Global-PPS (\u0633\u0646\u0629 2015) (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2018). \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/06\/4-Epidemiology-and-Infection_Global-PPS-and-ESAC-longitudinal-PPS-of-antibacterial-use-in-Northern-Ireland_March2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2018). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 BMC. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/Elhajji2018_Article_ComparativePointPrevalenceSurv.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>2015 Global-PPS \u0641\u064a 4 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Oduyebo et al. 2018). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/3-AnnTropPatho-Global-PPS-in-Nigeria_Oduyebo_February-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a 26 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2018). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/30270148\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (Global-PPS) \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Versporten et al. 2018) \u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li><\/ul><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/1-1-LANGH-2015_Global-PPS_results-on-adults_main-article_Versporten_April2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/1-2-LANGH-2015_Global-PPS_results-on-adults_Appendix_Versporten_April2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/ar\/langh_global-pps-figures_versporten_2018\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0642\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-27610\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"10\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-27610\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-right\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-plus-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-toggle-title\" tabindex=\"0\">\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a 2017<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-27610\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"10\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-27610\"><ul><li>\u0646\u0627\u0626\u062c Global-PPS \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646 2017). \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/2-JAC-2015-Global-PPS-difference-quality-of-prescribing-between-antibacterials-antifungals_Erlangga_July2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627<\/a>.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Peer-reviewed articles Publications 2026 Global Identifying hospital-level predictors for antibiotic use: a Global Point Prevalence Survey study among Belgian, Philippine and South African hospitals (Boven et al, 2026) JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. Read the article here Africa Antimicrobial prescribing patterns at a South African tertiary referral hospital: Insights from three global point prevalence surveys (Sher et al, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"full-screen","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"off","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13349","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Peer reviewed articles - Global PPS<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.global-pps.com\/ar\/\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a-\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646-\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0646\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Peer reviewed articles - Global PPS\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Peer-reviewed articles Publications 2026 Global Identifying hospital-level predictors for antibiotic use: a Global Point Prevalence Survey study among Belgian, Philippine and South African hospitals (Boven et al, 2026) JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance. 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